Journal of Brilliant Engineering (BEN)

Mohsen Mhadhbi Miloud Driss

Composite materials are known in various forms. The two distinctive constituents of these composite materials are the matrix material and the reinforcement material. A variety of materials are used as reinforcing material in composites titanium carbide (TiC). TiC acquired considerable attention because of its unique properties, which make it very attractive for advanced applications. The current review summarizes various synthesis techniques to produce TiC nanocomposite and highlights the major industrial applications of TiC. It was found that for certain techniques, the TiC powder has been synthesized directly, with different shapes and sizes, within a relatively very short time by eliminating a number of intermediate processes. However, this review deals with the detailed literature survey carried out on the preparation of titanium carbide powder, and also covers analyzes the results from the experiments conducted on the preparation of powder by the works of several researchers. Therefore, in-depth conclusions have been done on the research processes that are being carried out on improving the properties of TiC reinforced composites.

https://doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.002.001

Abdulmannan Rouhani Mohammadreza Elmi

Urbanization and urban development is undoubtedly one of the most crucial aspects of modern civilization, causing various changes in the environment. Shiraz an area identified for rapid urban growth is less explored in the matter of study. In this context, this study presents a combined approach of remote sensing and GIS techniques for monitoring land use changes of Shiraz city in Fars Province, Iran. Firstly, various satellite images including MSS 1982, TM 1996, ETM 2006, and OLI 2018 based on five classes, namely agriculture, urban areas, bare land, tree cover and street were classified. For classify the remote sensing data maximum likelihood algorithm was used. Then, digital topographic maps 1:50000 of Geographic Organization of the Armed Forces and Mapping Organization were used as ancillary data for interpreting the images, also for geometric correction of the images. In the final phase of the study, the extent and status of changes in each application were determined and the trends of changes were investigated. The results indicate a significant change in land use in regards to expansion of urban area from 17.30% (1982) to 46.40% (2006) and 47.8% (2018) by encroaching into agricultural and bare lands. Over this period, urban area has expanded by 624 Ha per year on the average while this increase has been 238 Ha per year for the period 1996-2006. Moreover, during the first period, 198 Ha of agricultural land has been degraded annually while this rate was 14 and 19 Ha for the second and third periods, respectively, showing increasing and declining trends in cover and application of the land over the three periods within the study area. The results of this research can be utilized as essential data to strengthen the effectiveness of the later urban planning of Shiraz City.

https://doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.002.002

Vecihi YİĞİT Ertuğrul YİĞİT

In recent years, the increase of population in cities has become one of the most important problems considered for municipalities providing transportation services. In terms of municipal services, the number of lines, capacity, and occupancy rates of public transportation vehicles providing transportation within the cities should be scientifically monitored and evaluated. In this study, we analyzed the current situation of municipal buses and public buses providing public transportation in Erzurum. For analyzing, we consider some performance criteria such as number of lines, capacity, vehicle occupancy rates, and passenger waiting. The current situation was modeled by simulation using the system approach. The interactions between entities are examined, sub-systems are identified, and the current situation is revealed. Results show that about 104.400 passengers benefit from public transportation daily, and performance criterias determined in the system are adequate.

https://doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.002.003

Nasir Alawad Nasir Ahmed Alawad

A very important concept with regard to power system control is automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The task of (AVR) is to hold the terminal voltage magnitude of a synchronous generator at a specified level .The mathematical model of AVR is nonlinear and very complex in order, so for simplicity, it needs to reduce the order. Fractional proportional-Integral–Derivative controller (FOPID) is proposed and executed on AVR utilizing frequency design approach. The FPID controller showed strong execution in transient exhibitions, robust performance in transient performances, less settling time, maximum overshot and steady-state error. The FPID controller displays an iso-damping property (flat reaction). The design is done in frequency domain and hence stability and robustness of the design is automatically guaranteed unlike the other time domain optimization based controller design methods. The proposed method compared with, TID controller (Tilt-Integral-Derivative) and FOLLC (Fractional Order Lead-Lag Compensator .MATLAB tool box for Fractional order system (FOMCON) is used for transient response analysis. The results show that the FPID controller tuned with settled PID parameters gives acceptable execution regarding set point following when compared with classical TID and FOLLC.

https://doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.002.004

Yıldırım ÖZÜPAK

Transformers have attracted great interest since they have been used in power systems due to their robustness and application in power systems. Therefore, the nominal values of transformers grow even more in larger power systems due to the constantly increasing power demand. Many researches are carried out to increase the performance characteristics of transformers and their compatibility with power systems. There are different methods and analysis tools for these studies. One of them is ANSYS@Maxwell, which performs analysis based on Finite Element Method (FEM). With this program, the design, modeling, analysis and performance evaluation of the transformer in a high performance simulation environment can be achieved through effective strategic modeling. In this study, the design and modeling of a three-phase core-type transformer with coils and terminals is explained in detail in ANSYS @ Maxwell simulation platform. In addition, the transformer models examined were adapted using ANSYS@MAXWELL software based on finite element method. Analyzes are performed to estimate the core-losses, leak-losses, DC-losses, and winding-eddy current losses-of transformers with this program. A large number of meshes were used in FEM analysis

https://doi.org/10.36937/ben.2021.002.005